FROM BIOLOGY 111 YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO ANSWER THE FOLLOWING:

Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Explain why the cell is considered to be the basic unit of life.

List and discuss the tenets of the cell theory.

Draw and label a plant cell, an animal cell and a prokaryotic cell.

Describe and list the functions of each of the following cell organelles:  cilia, flagella, cell membrane, cell wall, nucleolus, golgi body, rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondrion, chloroplast, lysosome, cytosol and cytoplasm, chromatin, chromosomes and chromatids, nucleus, cytoskeleton, microtubules, ribosomes, and centrioles

List three characteristics that living cells share.

Distinguish between the nuclear envelope, nucleus, nucleoid, and nucleolus.  Discuss the importance of the nucleolus.

Discuss the function of the cytoskeleton and name the three types of filaments that make it up.

List the organelles that are surrounded by a membrane.

Name the regions of the cell where ribosomes can be found.    Discuss the relationship between ribosomes and protein synthesis.

Discuss the importance of ribosomes in chloroplasts and mitochondria.

Describe the structure and function of a mitochondrion.

Discuss the relationship between the energy needs of a cell and the number of mitochondria it has.

Name the types of cells that have cell walls.

Discuss the importance of the cell membrane.

Discuss the relationship between the chemical structure of the cell membrane and its function.

Draw and label a typical cell membrane.  Be sure to include: phospholipids, integral proteins, peripheral proteins and cholesterol.

Briefly discuss three functions of membrane proteins.

Define the following terms: hydrostatic pressure, bulk flow, diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion and active transport.

Explain the term semipermeable membrane and name the component of the cell membrane that keeps most ions and hydrophilic molecules from crossing the membrane while allowing hydrophobic molecules to freely cross.

Distinguish between facilitated diffusion and active transport.

Distinguish between exocytosis and endocytosis, phagocytosis and pinocytosis